Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability
in the U.S. There are approximately 4 million Americans living with the effects of stroke.
In addition, there are millions of husbands, wives, children and friends who care for
stroke survivors and whose own lives are personally affected.
Effects of a Stroke
Weakness (hemiparesis) or paralysis (hemiplegia) on one side of the body that
may affect the whole side or just the arm or leg. The weakness or paralysis is
on the side of the body opposite the side of the brain affected by the stroke.
Spasticity, stiffness in muscles, painful muscle spasms
Problems with balance and/or coordination
Problems using language, including having difficulty understanding speech or
writing (aphasia); and knowing the right words but having trouble saying
them clearly (dysarthria)Being unaware of or ignoring sensations on one side
of the body (bodily neglect or inattention)
Pain, numbness or odd sensations
Problems with memory, thinking, attention or learning
Being unaware of the effects of a stroke
Trouble swallowing (dysphagia)
Problems with bowel or bladder control
Fatigue
Difficulty controlling emotions (emotional lability)
Depression
Difficulties with daily tasks
Types of Rehabilitation Programs
Hospital programs: in an acute care facility or a rehabilitation hospital
Long-term care facility with therapy and skilled nursing care
Outpatient programs
Home-based programs
Rehabilitation Specialists
Physicians: physiatrists (specialists in physical medicine and rehabilitation),
neurologists, internists, geriatricians (specialists in the elderly), family practice
Rehabilitation nurses: specialize in nursing care for people with disabilities
Physical therapists: help to restore physical functioning by evaluating and treating
problems with movement, balance, and coordination Occupational therapists:
provide exercises and practice to help patient perform activities of daily living.
Speech-language pathologists: to help improve language skills
Social workers: assist with financial decisions and plan the return to the home or
a new living place
Psychologists: concerned with the mental and emotional health of patients
Therapeutic recreation specialists: help patients return to activities they enjoyed
before the stroke.
Preventing Another Stroke
People who have had a stroke are at an increased risk of having another one,
especially during the first year following the original stroke.
The following factors increase the risk of having another stroke:
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Cigarette smoking
Diabetes
Having had a TIA (transient ischemic attack)
Heart disease
Older age
High cholesterol
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Although some risk factors for stroke cannot be changed (e.g. age) others such
as high blood pressure and smoking can be altered. Patients and families should
seek guidance from their physician about lifestyle changes to help prevent another
stroke.
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