A physiotherapist is a healthcare professional who deals with physical weaknesses and
difficulties that occur as a result of injury, illness or ageing. Physiotherapists assess,
diagnose and treat disabilities to restore normal physical function. Using physical
techniques - including exercise, heat treatments, manipulation and Hydrotherapy -
a physiotherapist can help improve movement and muscle function.
When working with Parkinson's, it is recommended that the physiotherapist has
specific expertise and experience of this condition. The physiotherapist's
objective is to improve quality of life by maintaining or increasing the person
with Parkinson's independence, safety and well-being. This is achieved through
prevention of inactivity and falls, improving functional activity and decreasing
limitations in activities. Objectives are focused on:
the examination of: physical capacity
transfers, that is moving from one surface to another, for example from a chair
to a bed,body posture,reaching and grasping,balance and gait
Physiotherapists with a special interest in Parkinson’s focus on the person’s ability
to perform transfers (for example, getting in and out of bed), Posture, dexterity,
balance and gait.
Physiotherapists work in hospital and community settings. Ideally they work as
part of a multidisciplinary team involving many different types of healthcare
professionals to offer comprehensive care, although some do prefer to work alone.
Physiotherapy and the early stages of Parkinson’s
People with early stages of Parkinson’s will be able to perform normal daily
activities. However, there may be signs of a loss in the range of joint movement,
decreased muscle strength and reduced aerobic capacity.
These limitations can lead to Musculoskeletal changes that contribute to poor
Posture, joint pain and reduced Cardiovascular fitness. If left untreated, or
treated only once the musculoskeletal changes are established, these limitations
can become a major cause of disability – sometimes more disabling than Parkinson’s
itself.
The physiotherapist may assess mobility and how daily activities are affected by
carrying out some physical tests such as a Timed Up and Go (TUG) or a walking test.
For more information on physical tests such as these see 'Life with Parkinson's:
Accurate diagnosis, treatment and care - Other checklists and tests'.
At this stage, physiotherapy will concentrate on motor-rehabilitation to help
maintain functional abilities and avoid physical inactivity and disuse (which can
cause problems later), plus balance training to prevent falls.
An exercise programme will be tailored to the patient’s individual needs and
lifestyle. Many of the exercises will be familiar as standard fitness training, but
the programme will have been developed with a constant emphasis on
counteracting Parkinson’s problems. It may include:
flexibility and strength exercises for the trunk and extremities to improve
balance control, Gait, transfers and hand dexterity training for Respiratory function
and cardiovascular fitness activities such as cycling and walking exercises for
facial expression relaxation techniques.
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